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Promising Alzheimer's drug approved for late-stage trials
USA Today - By Mary Brophy Marcus, USA TODAY An experimental drug for Alzheimer's disease patients showed promise in Phase II clinical trials and is moving into final-stage trials, Wyeth and Elan, the makers of bapineuzumab, announced Tuesday. Wyeth, Elan Rise After Alzheimer's Drug Improves With Gene Test Elan climbs to 6-year high on study results |
According to Science Daily, an online resource for latest research news, mesothelioma patients who got treated by a combination of 2 drugs had an improved chance of surviving. Their survival rate increased by a minimum of 3 months. The two drugs used for the treatment were PEMETREXED and CISPLATIN. The clinical trials were done on 448 mesotheliomic patients.
About 80% of the mesotheliomic patients were men with an average age of 61 years. Some patients received only cisplatin whereas some patients received a combination of pemetrexed, cisplatin, vitamin supplements, folic acid and B12. Not only did their life span increase by three months but also the patients felt less tired, had improved appetite, experienced less pain and had smaller coughing spells. The clinical trial and research was done at the Clatterbridge Center for Oncology in England.
The Mesothelioma Researches 2 & 3 further elaborate on the medical advances made regarding pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma or pericardial mesothelioma.
Thank you
The Patient :
My aunt has been diagnosed with mesothelioma though it is not clear whether this is a few cancerous cells or a full tumour. We believe it to be fatal. Couldyou explain where this is in terms of the lung or pleural cavity. Also what should we be pushing for in terms of treatment. She has had one lot of radiotherapy. I think she will take an 8hr chemotherapy session shortly. There is mention of a clinical trial but have heard that such trials are more likely to cause discomfort than be of help.
Her husband has oesophogeal cancer and we are unsure of the survival rate/life expectancy there too. He has had chemotherapy and is now undergoing radiotherapy. The tumour has not reduced in size so far. He has had a stent put in and can eat foods if mashed.
Any help or suggestions would be very much apprieciated.
And answered by doctor :
I am sorry to hear about the cancer diagnoses.80 percent of mesothelioma is pleural in origin and is typically associated with asbestos exposure. The median survival of patients with mesothelioma is between 6 and 18 months, and is not significantly affected by currently available therapeutic interventions.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are currently the recommended treatments of choice.
Experimental approaches include intracavitary therapy (directly injecting compounds into the pleural space) and gene therapy. Unfortunately, there is minimal success with these treatments, but they may be worth discussing with your personal physician.
Mortality of esophageal cancer depends on the stage. The mortality rates for stages I-IV are 60, 31, 20, and 4 percent respectively.
Followup with your personal physician is essential.
This answer is not intended as and does not substitute for medical advice - the information presented is for patient education only. Please see your personal physician for further evaluation of your individual case.
So, what do you think about that?
by Ramir Sarmiento
If you are a victim of Mesothelioma cancer, how will you get into Mesothelioma treatment? The best way is to find reliable Mesothelioma cancer information and learn first everything that is relevant to Mesothelioma.
Do you think that Mesothelioma treatments are effective in one or two applications only? It depends to the patient’s body on how we react to the Mesothelioma treatment.
The doctor is the first one who is being aware for applying Mesothelioma treatment. We already know the advantage and disadvantage in taking them. And most of the time Mesothelioma treatments are being useless in some reason.
Mesothelioma treatments are broken down into two categories:
1.Traditional treatments
Traditional mesothelioma treatments are similar to other standard cancer treatment modalities. Two or more traditional mesothelioma treatments are often used together to better combat cancerous cells.
Traditional mesothelioma treatments are often used in combination with one-another to best target cancer cells.
2.New treatments.
New mesothelioma treatments are in the process of ongoing research, development and testing. New mesothelioma treatments are being evaluated in mesothelioma clinical trials in hopes of a mesothelioma cure.
While mesothelioma treatments are slowly inhibiting the victim from being able to enjoy the life they have left, big business is slowly killing the rights of mesothelioma symptoms victims all over the country.
Most of the Mesothelioma treatment options are too high in price that ordinary victims cannot afford to have such treatment.
Various Mesothelioma Treatments
* Bronchoscopy
* Biopsy
* CT scans
* Laparocoscopy
* Mediastinoscopy
* Thorocoscopy
* Peritoneoscopy
* Radiotherapy
* X-ray
* Fluid drainage
* MRI scan
Usually, some medicines and necessary materials are used to function well. With this kind of Mesothelioma treatment, a victim will recover faster.
Having a treatment is necessary because it gives life to the patient or victim in order to survive. Put hope mostly on the family and relative of the patient, and the most important role is to cure everyone with a disease like Mesothelioma cancer.
To be better familiarized with Mesothelioma cancer, join some group or programs relative and concerned with epidemic cancer for the purpose on how to prevent cancer by applying new health technology, healthy lifestyle, diet and nutrition counseling, and alternatives.
Mesothelioma treatments are constantly being developed through clinical trials and research. Mesothelioma treatments are advancing, but the disease still claims far too many lives each year.
Mesothelioma treatments are themselves very aggressive, and invasive, and in many cases not recommended. Treatments are very expensive and usually range -between four hundred thousand and eight hundred thousand dollars.
About the Author
Ramir Sarmiento has been providing useful tips, guidelines, and other important information with regards to Mesothelioma cancer, choosing Mesothelioma lawyers, Mesothelioma treatments, lawsuit issues, and many more.
by M Nelson
Research in alternative medicine and conventional therapies to treat Mesothelioma cancer continues to be on the forefront to try and find a cure for this disease. Until an alternative is discovered and shows promise, conventional drugs and therapies such as Alimta and other chemotherapy drugs, surgery to remove tumors, and radiation therapy will be used to slow the cancer growth.
In addition to conventional treatments, a number of therapies from alternative medicine may be able to reduce symptoms of mesothelioma. Called complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM, this diverse group of medical and health care options and practices aren’t considered to be a part of mainstream medical practice. However, that doesn’t mean that they’re ineffective. Some health care providers practice both CAM and conventional medicine, and combine the two with good results. This is referred to as integrative medicine. As much as thirty-six percent of America’s adult population are using some form of CAM. This rises to more than sixty percent if prayer and megavitamin therapy are included in the definition of alternative and complementary practices. Rates of alternative therapy use are highest among patients with serious illnesses such as mesothelioma cancer.
Some treatments offered by alternative medicine include acupuncture to relieve pain following surgery for tumor removal, ginger to treat the nausea and vomiting that chemotherapy causes, massage to treat pain from all kinds of cancers, and combining mistletoe extract with chemotherapy to treat tumors. Immunotherapy, also called biological therapy, is also becoming more common. In this therapy, substances called biological response modifiers are used to improve the immune system’s ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells, as well as to fight off other diseases.
Photodynamic therapy uses a drug that sensitizes tissues to light, then destroys cancerous cells by exposing them to a laser set to a specific frequency. Gene therapy is a new, but advancing field which treats potentially fatal diseases by modifying an individual’s genes therapeutically. Herbal medicines, traditional practices from countries such as China and Japan, and spiritual treatments are also used in CAM. Not all of these therapies have the ability to affect mesothelioma directly, and their effects will tend to vary by patient. However, they can be a big help in managing symptoms and side effects while using conventional treatments.
Those who are interested in using complementary or alternative medicine in their cancer treatment should ask their health care providers. It’s important to get the answers to a few questions when considering any therapy, whether alternative or conventional. Information such as the expected benefits of the therapy versus the risks, the potential side effects, and, in the case of alternative or complementary treatments, whether the therapy will interfere with treatments you’re already undergoing are helpful. If the therapy is part of a clinical trial, find out who the sponsor is. Many alternative therapies aren’t covered fully by health insurance. Some aren’t covered at all. It’s important to find out before beginning a CAM therapy whether or not your insurance will pay for it. A good place to start finding out about your options is the NCCAM website at http://nccam.nih.gov. From there, you’ll be able to get the information to decide what therapies, both conventional and alternative, are right for you.
About the Author
From personal research Maria Nelson provides an online research tool for cancer patients; with an emphasis on Mesothelioma cancer. Find resources to specialized cancer centers, doctors and a Mesothelioma attorneys directory for legal consideration.
Mesothelioma is a serious and very aggressive form of cancer.
People who have mined asbestos, manufactured asbestos products, installed asbestos insulation, or removed asbestos may be at risk for developing mesothelioma. In addition, family members of those who have worked with asbestos, people who have lived near asbestos mines or processing plants, or anyone who has inhaled asbestos fibers may also be at risk for developing mesothelioma.
There are a range of tests and procedures used to diagnose mesothelioma. X-rays, CT scans, and/or MRI scans are performed to determine the presence of mesothelioma. If there is a positive indication of mesothelioma, or if further testing is still needed to determine the presence of mesothelioma, the scans are followed-up with a needle biopsy or an open biopsy.
Treatment options for mesothelioma vary according to age, overall health, location of the disease, and extent of the disease. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, alone or in combination, are standard treatment options for mesothelioma. Experimental treatments, such as those used in clinical trials, may also be an option.
Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that could have been prevented and is not the fault of the victim, but the fault of the companies that did not protect workers or others against the hazards of asbestos. Financial security for victims and their families, including compensation of medical expenses, pain and suffering, burial expenses, and after-death stability for families afflicted, may, therefore, be accessible through the law.
There are many different types of support groups, as well, available to mesothelioma patients and their families including formal groups that focus on learning about mesothelioma or dealing with feelings, informal groups, social groups, groups only for those with mesothelioma, and groups for those with mesothelioma including family members and friends. Hospitals, doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers have, or can obtain, a listing of such groups within your local area.
For additional information regarding mesothelioma cancer including mesothelioma symptoms, diagnosis, specialist care, treatment options, lawyer assistance, and support, go to: http://www.BeatingMesothelioma.com/
Author: Rae Rand
Mesothelioma cancer is a disease that results from exposure to asbestos related substances. Asbestos usually consists of fibres that can enter the body through the mouth, or the skin, and, subsequently, enter the lungs, or blood stream.
Mesothelioma cancer has become more widely documented in the last 5-10 years, due to the fact that symptoms of asbestos cancer can take between 20 to 40 years to manifest. Mesothelioma cancer is hard to diagnose, as the symptoms do not tend to manifest themselves until the later stages of the disease. Symptoms of mesothelioma lung cancer include shortness of breath, chest pain, fever and other secondary illnesses such as pneumonia.
Asbestos cancer most often develops in men between the ages of 50 to 70 years who were exposed to high levels of asbestos in the workplace. Asbestos was mainly used in manufacturing industries such as automotive and ship building as well as in the construction industry. The use of asbestos was only recently banned in the 1990’s.
Mesthelioma lung cancer has been found to be the most common form of mesothelioma cancer and it develops in the lining of the lung (pleural). Mesothelioma cancer can also develop in the abdominal area (peritoneal) and around the heart (pericardial). There is a greater chance of malignancy in abdominal asbestos cancer. For a more detailed explanation of mesothelioma cancer, visit http://www.lung-canceradvice.com
Mesothelioma lung cancer can be detected through a CT scan which enables it to be sometimes diagnosed earlier than the other two types of mesothelioma cancer. The type of mesothelioma cancer treatment will depend on the stage at which the cancer was diagnosed, the age of the patient as well as personal preferences. The disease can be divided into four separate stages. The stage in the disease process that is reached will determine the method of mesothelioma cancer treatment. At the first stage when the tumour is confined to the lining of the lungs, surgeons may try to remove the entire tumour surgically. Once the tumour has invaded the surrounding body tissues in the later stages, it is not curable.
Conventionally, the more advanced stages of mesothelioma cancer are treated with either radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy utilizes high-energy x-rays to destroy cancerous cells and shrink tumours Chemotherapy, on the other hand, uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. The aim of these mesothelioma cancer treatments is to prolong the patient’s life as the disease cannot be cured in the more advanced stages.
In addition to these conventional mesothelioma cancer treatments, there are also various experimental treatments currently under investigation which offer new hope.
Immunotherapy: This form of biological therapy for mesothelioma cancer treatment uses the patient’s own immune system to attack the cancerous cells. Clinical studies have shown that the immune system is able to distinguish healthy cells from cancer cells, and can therefore be used to destroy those cancerous cells.
Gene Therapy: This form of mesothelioma cancer treatment is very much still in the developmental stages. The process involves injecting a specific gene straight into the tumour. This gene renders the cancer cells sensitive to the antiviral drug glanciclovir which under normal circumstances is not effective against these cells. The glanciclovir is then able to destroy all the cancer cells without harming the healthy tissue cells.
Drug Therapy: The drug Alimta is the only chemotherapy drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)for the treatment of patients with malignant mesothelioma lung cancer . This new and exciting drug has been demonstrated in clinical trials to reduce symptoms and increase the life expectancy of patients.
Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic therapy involves the use of light to destroy cancer cells. The patient first is first administered a photosensitizing drug that only collects in cancerous cells. Fibre-optic cables are then inserted in the body in order to focus light of a certain frequency on the tumour. The light stimulates the photosensitizing drug to produce toxic oxygen molecules that destroy the cancerous cells.
These experimental mesothelioma cancer treatments, although still in the developmental stages, offer cancer victims the prospect of a better and longer life. With the likelihood of an increase in the number of people diagnosed with asbestos cancer, further research into other forms of mesothelioma cancer treatment is vital.
Note to Publishers: You may freely republish this article as is, without editing or modification, and all links must be kept live. The author, Gregory De Villiers, writes on a variety of health and wellness topics. For more information on mesothelioma cancer as well as asbestos litigation, visit http://www.lung-canceradvice.com
There are more treatment possibilities for Mesothelioma cancer than surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy: the clinical trials. They offer no only benefits, but also risks that cancer patients should know before taking part in one of these research studies.
The U.S. National Cancer Institute sponsors clinical trials, because Mesothelioma cancer is difficult to control. This research is being performed to find out new treatments and better ways to use the current medical procedures.
Clinical trials are performed before the application of any new treatment in human beings, because doctors should know if the treatment is safe for their patients and effective to fight the disease on the stage level in which is.
Patients with mesothelioma can participate in research programs as a treatment option, because the possibility exists in the United States. People interested in take part in a clinical trial, however, should talk with their doctors before.
There is information about clinical trials in the Cancer Information Service (CIS) of the above mentioned Institute or may call to the toll-free phone number 1�800�4�CANCER to talk to CIS staff who may identify and provide detailed information about specific ongoing clinical trials.
The Web have various information about the subject, such as basic trial information, trial description with a summary and the eligibility criteria, and trial sites and contacts in the U.S.
Article written by the staff of mesothelioma -10.com a website edited by Hector Milla, if you want to read more articles about mesothelioma cancer information, feel free to visit http://www.mesothelioma-10.com , or http://www.asbestos-10.com you can reprint this article in your website or ezine, always mentioning the author above and keeping a live link.
Author: Hector Milla
Malignant mesothelioma detection, like other cancers, can be accomplished with imaging equipment, such as x-ray machines. But once detected, mesothelioma diagnosis is difficult for a number of reasons. First, there is a very extended time period between the exposure to asbestos and the onset of the disease, sometimes as long as 50 to 60 years. Patients would often not think to tell their doctors about working in an asbestos-related job many years earlier.
Second, the typical symptoms of mesothelioma, shortness of breath and coughing, are also symptoms of many other types of lung problems, both cancerous and non-cancerous. Thus, just because a person has these symptoms, it does not in any way provide a mesothelioma diagnosis.
Third, many types of tumors can exist in the serous cavities that are not mesothelioma. These other types of tumors can be non cancerous, or benign, that originate in the tissues of the serous membranes, other than the mesothelium. Or they can be tumors that have migrated from other organs with cancerous growths due to metastases.
Mesothelioma and Imaging Technologies
X-rays and other types of imaging technologies can be used to detect tumors or effusion (build up of fluid) in the body, including mesothelioma detection. A growth in the chest cavity will show up in an X-ray or MRI analysis. But these devices cannot directly determine the type of cancer or provide a mesothelioma diagnosis. They cannot determine whether the tumor is mesothelioma or originates from some other source.
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a type of diagnostic imaging scan that is used for malignant mesothelioma detection. PET scans use the emission of positrons (tiny particles that are emitted from radioactive substances) for the purpose of radiation detection.
Some medical professionals are of the impression that PET scans are the most effective method through which to definitively verify a case of mesothelioma. While they believe that standard imaging techniques like x-rays and MRIs should continue to play a role in diagnosing the disease, it is felt that positron emission tomography is becoming an increasingly valuable tool in the staging and typing of the latent asbestos cancer.
Diagnostic Surgery – Biopsy
To provide a mesothelioma diagnosis, a biopsy is needed. This biopsy then undergoes what is called diagnostic histopathology. Histopathology is a technique where the cells from the tumor are viewed under a high-powered microscope, or electron microscopy. Electron microscopy is considered the gold standard for evaluating tumor material from a biopsy. It is a highly advanced microscope that allows viewing of the tiniest elements of cell tissue.
For mesothelioma diagnosis, a pathologist (a doctor who specializes in disease detection) places the tumor cells in the electron microscope and then views the structure of the individual cells. The mesothelioma cells have a specific shape and pattern, and this allows them to be identified by a very keen pathologist. But mesothelioma cells also look similar to other types of cancer cells, such as adenocarcinoma cells, and this can make the pathologist’s job very difficult. Even with the electron microscope, the different types of mesothelioma cells can be hard to recognize. The three types of cells are epithelioid mesothelioma cancer cells, which are tubular in shape, sarcomatoid mesothelioma cancer cells, which are oval and irregularly shaped, and biphasic mesothelioma cancer cells, which are a combination of shapes. These cells can be confused with other types of cancer cells.
New Methods For Mesothelioma Detection
Due to this diagnostic confusion, much research is underway to find new methods for diagnosis. One method is to evaluate the types of compounds generated by the mesothelioma cancer cells. This is called histochemistry. Histochemical reactions have long been used to distinguish between mesothelial and other types of tumor cells. For example, mesothelial cells are known to produce specific types of carbohydrate compounds. Unfortunately, other types of cells in the body also produce these compounds.
Immunochemistry is also being used to detect mesothelioma. This area of study evaluates the presence of antibodies in the body. Certain types of antibodies are known to be associated with certain types of cancer. But mesothelial cells have no specific types of antibodies that can provide a “positive” marker. Consequently, immunochemistry allows the doctor to “eliminate” the other cancers, but does not indicate the presence of mesothelioma. These techniques offer insight into the disease and may help eliminate other diseases, but none can directly detect mesothelioma.
New Blood Tests for Mesothelioma Detection
SMR Protein: Recently, because of the difficulty in diagnosing malignant mesothelioma, research has concentrated on finding new ways to detect the presence of the disease. Researchers in Australia have found that a certain protein, called SMR or Soluble Mesothelin Related protein, is elevated in patients with mesothelioma. These researchers have suggested that a test for the presence of SMR in the blood could represent a useful marker for the diagnosis and disease progression. They feel that such a diagnosis tool could lead to earlier detection, and thus more effective treatment.
One of the most striking findings of their research was that several asbestos-exposed persons who tested positive for SMR were diagnosed with mesothelioma within three years. They suggested that evaluation of SMR may help to identify persons at risk for this deadly disease. Also, they found that SMR levels increase as mesothelioma progresses, suggesting that SMR evaluation could be used to track the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment
Osteopontin Glycoprotein: In an effort to produce the first early-detection test to screen for malignant mesothelioma, researchers at Wayne State University have been studying the possible link between mesothelioma development and levels of a glycoprotein called osteopontin. Early clinical study findings of 190 patients have demonstrated a link between high levels of osteopontin and the development of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Although the results are being viewed as preliminary, there is a great deal of excitement surrounding the potential of a blood test capable of screening for mesothelioma in its earliest stages. While there is no known cure for malignant mesothelioma, research is ongoing and certain successes have already been realized in terms of extending survival time beyond the one to two year post-diagnosis average. It is hoped that if mesothelioma specialists have more time through which to conduct treatment on a lesser developed form of the asbestos cancer, the greater a patient’s chance at potential survival.
Despite the fact that the preliminary results of the osteopontin blood test clinical trial have been met with some controversy, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) continues to sponsor additional study.
Tell Your Doctor About Asbestos Exposure
If you or a loved one has been exposed to asbestos, even if it was in the distant past, it is very important that you inform your doctor. One reason why mesothelioma is such a deadly disease is that it is detected late in the disease process. If your doctor knows of the exposure, he or she may be more aware of your symptoms or other health issues that could be used for early detection.
Mesothelioma is a relatively rare form of cancer linked to chronic asbestos exposure. There has been a sharp decline in asbestos exposure since the 1970s when asbestos use was halted for most applications. However, the incubation period for mesothelioma from initial exposure to asbestos to the onset of the disease varies from 20 to 50 years. As such, deaths related to this disease have risen recently and are expected to continue rising until the year 2020. This anticipated increase in incidence of mesothelioma has spurred considerable interest in clinical trials to develop better treatments for the deadly disease.
Mesothelioma Clinical Trials
Until recently, clinical trials for mesothelioma were difficult to conduct. The disease had a rapid onset and progression, leading to a relatively short survival period in which to conduct clinical trials. Also, there was a lack of basic understanding about the clinical biology of the disease and how the disease changed during progression.
Specific clinical measures were difficult to obtain in order to demonstrate the response to treatment. Recently, as part of the Alimta clinical trial, researchers developed new metrics that included factors other than just pleural thickening or abnormal breathing capability. A number of new clinical trials are now underway, many of them using these new measurement techniques. Hopefully these trials will lead to ways to stop or reverse the progression of mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma Trial Phases
Clinical trials for evaluating mesothelioma treatments are broken into four parts or phases. These Phases are described below (Source FDA).
Phase IResearchers evaluate a drug or treatment in a small group of people/patients (20 to 80) for the first time to evaluate a drug’s safety, determine the appropriate dosage range and identify side effects.
Phase IIResearchers treat a larger group of people/patients to determine if the drug treatment is effective and safe for the dosage levels determined in Phase I.
Phase IIIResearchers administer the drug or treatment to a large group of people/patients to confirm the effectiveness of the drug and evaluate the drug’s side effects. In this phase, the drug under evaluation will be compared to commonly used treatments. Additionally, researchers use Phase III trials to determine the proper protocol for the use of the drug when it is released for routine treatment.
Phase IVResearchers perform follow-up studies from Phase III, primarily to obtain information that can be used when marketing the drug, such as drug risks, benefits and optimum use.